A structured lesson workspace with readable content, hands-on examples, and a clean path to completion.
A user types \\printer01 instead of \\print01. DNS fails. The machine broadcasts to the entire local network: "Hey, does anyone know where printer01 is?" Your attack box raises its hand and says "That's me, friend. Authenticate to me." The user's machine obediently sends a NetNTLMv2 hash. You crack it in eleven seconds. Game over.
This isn't theoretical. LLMNR (port 5355/UDP) and NBT-NS (port 137/UDP) are fallback name resolution protocols enabled by default on every Windows machine since Vista. Any host on the broadcast domain can respond. There's no authentication of the responder. It's a protocol designed in an era when networks were trusted, and it has no business existing in modern environments.
Step by step
5 steps to follow
The -w flag enables the WPAD rogue proxy (catches IE/Edge auto-detect traffic). The -f flag fingerprints remote hosts. Within minutes of starting Responder, you'll see hashes populate. Let it run in a tmux session while you do other enumeration. The longer it runs, the more hashes you collect.
Cracked: forend's password is Klmcargo2. Eight characters, one uppercase, one lowercase, one number. Meets the complexity policy. Completely guessable. You now have a valid domain user.
Inveigh works identically to Responder but runs natively on Windows. Press ESC to enter the interactive console, then type GET NTLMV2UNIQUE to see captured hashes. The C# version is actively maintained; the PowerShell version is legacy.
NetNTLMv2 hashes CANNOT be used for pass-the-hash. You must crack them offline. If the password is 16+ random characters, you're not cracking it. Move on to password spraying or other techniques. Don't waste three days of GPU time on a hash that won't break.
You've got credentials for forend and wley. Two domain users. That's all you need to start tearing this domain apart from the inside. The real enumeration begins now.
Finish the lesson once you have worked through the material. This awards ★ 40 XP.